May 15, 2014

POINT OF CONTACT

Principle investigator:
     Kirk L. Clawson
     NOAA Air Resources Laboratory Field Research Division
     1750 Foote Dr.
     Idaho Falls, ID 83402
     Kirk.Clawson@noaa.gov
     (208) 526-2742

README.TXT - Description of Data Files from WSU LAR Sonic Anemometers

WSU installed four 3-d Campbell Scientific CSAT3 sonic anemometers at 2, 8, 16, and 60 m 
heights on GRI for the measurement of fluxes and the vertical turbulence profile. These 
were complemented by NOAA ARLFRD 3-d sonic anemometers at 4, 30, and 45 m 
(see SonicReadme_ARLFRD). The anemometer at 2 m height was installed on a tripod near GRI. 
The CSAT3 anemometers were collocated with IRGAs for the measurement of the fluxes of latent 
heat, water vapor, and carbon dioxide. The IRGA at 2 m was a closed path LICOR Model LI-7200. 
The other IRGAs were open path LI-COR Model LI-7500A. WSU deployed an additional six 2-d 
sonic anemometers on GRI at 12, 20, 25, 35, 40, and 52 m heights.

The WSU 3-d sonic data were continuously recorded for the duration of the experimental 
period at 10 Hz on a compact flash card installed in Campbell Scientific CR5000 data loggers, 
one for each 3-d sonic and IRGA pair. Five and 30-minute averages were also automatically 
calculated and stored in separate files on the CR5000s. Data from the WSU 2-d sonic 
anemometers was archived on CR1000 data loggers. Some of the data from these anemometers 
was lost during the experimental period due to a wiring problem.

The WSU 3-d sonic data and LICOR data are processed following two steps: 1) pre-processing, 
including quality control tests (e.g. spike detection, amplitude resolution tests, dropout 
tests, Haar transform stationarity (discontinuity) tests, checks for excessive skewness and 
kurtosis, time lag tests and tests for alongwind relative nonstationarity (RNU), crosswind 
relative nonstationarity (RNV), and vector wind relative nonstationarity (RNS), detailed in 
Vickers and Mahrt (1997)), mean, standard deviation, and covariance calculation for both 10 
min and 30 min, pre-flux computation; 2) flux computation, including flux corrections 
(SND-correction and WPL-correction), and quality control (steady state test and developed 
turbulence test, detailed in Foken et al., (2012) Chapter 4).

There are 4 files containing processed data per pair of CSAT3 sonic anemometer and LI-COR’s 
Infrared Gas Analyzer. This includes one preprocessed data file and one corrected and quality 
controlled flux data file for both the 10-minute and 30-minute averaging periods. The 2 data 
files for each period are summaries of the measurements and calculated quantities during the 
period. Each file is in CSV format. The preprocessed data filenames are specified as 
‘Preprocessing_XXM_##min.csv’ where ‘XX’ is the identity of the sonic anemometer specified 
at different heights (i.e., 2, 8, 16, 60) and ‘##’ is the averaging period (10 or 30 minutes). 
The quality controlled flux data filenames are specified as ‘EC_Flux_CR_QC_XXM_##min.csv’. 
Missing values are indicated by ‘-9999’.

The column header designations for the preprocessed data summary files are:

	Header		Units		Description
1	'date'		[yyyymmdd]'	yyyy' is the year, mm is the month, dd is the day
2	' time'		' [hh:mm]'	hh:mm' is the middle of the 10 or 30 minute averaging period, e.g. 00:00-00:30 -> 00:15
3	'decimal_day'	' [#]'		decimal day of year
4	'u_unrot'	' [m+1s-1]'	Mean unrotated u 
5	'v_unrot'	' [m+1s-1]'	Mean unrotated v 
6	'w_unrot'	' [m+1s-1]'	Mean unrotated w 
7	'u_rot'		' [m+1s-1]'	Mean rotated u 
8	'v_rot'		' [m+1s-1]'	Mean rotated v 
9	'w_rot'		' [m+1s-1]'	Mean rotated w 
10	'Ts_avg'	' [K]'		Mean sonic temperature
11	'c_avg'		' [mg+1m-3]'	Mean CO2 concentration
12	'q_avg'		' [g+1m-3]'	Mean H2O concentration
13	'p_avg'		' [kPa]'	Mean pressure from LiCor
14	'Pre_Hs'	' [W+1m-2]'	Pre-calculated Sensible heat flux
15	'Pre_LE'	' [W+1m-2]'	Pre-calculated Latent heat flux
16	'Pre_Fq'	' [mmol+1s-1m-2]'	Pre-calculated water vapor flux
17	'Pre_Fc'	' [umol+1s-1m-2]'	Pre-calculated CO2 flux
18	' Pre_tau'	' [kg+1m-1s-2]'	Pre-calculated momentum flux
19	'Pre_ustar'	' [m+1s-1]'	Pre-calculated friction velocity
20	'Pre_zL'	' [#]'	Pre-calculated stability parameter
21	'rho_a'		' [kg+1m-3]'	Wet air density
22	'rho_d'		' [kg+1m-3]'	Dry air density
23	'e'		' [hPa]'	Water vapor partial pressure
24	'es'		' [hPa]'	Saturated water vapor pressure
25	'RH'		' [%]'		Relative humidity
26	'VPD'		' [hPa]'	Vapor pressure deficit
27	'Td'		' [C]'		Dew-point temperature
28	'dir_cp'	' [deg]'	Compass wind direction
29	'sonic_wd'	' [deg]'	Sonic wind direction
30	'u_unrot_SD'	' [m+1s-1]'	Standard deviation of unrotated u 
31	'v_unrot_SD'	' [m+1s-1]'	Standard deviation of unrotated v 
32	'w_unrot_SD'	' [m+1s-1]'	Standard deviation of unrotated w 
33	'u_SD'		' [m+1s-1]'	Standard deviation of rotated u  
34	'v_SD'		' [m+1s-1]'	Standard deviation of rotated v  
35	'w_SD'		' [m+1s-1]'	Standard deviation of rotated w  
36	'Ts_SD'		' [K]'	Standard deviation of sonic temperature
37	'c_SD'		' [mg+1m-3]'	Standard deviation of CO2 concentration
38	'q_SD'		' [g+1m-3]'	Standard deviation of H2O concentration
39	'P_SD'		' [kPa]'	Standard deviation of air pressure
40	'uv_unrot'	' [m+2s-2]'	Covariance of unrotated u and v 
41	'uw_unrot'	' [m+2s-2]'	Covariance of unrotated u and w 
42	'uTs_unrot'	' [K+1m+1s-1]'	Covariance of unrotated u  and sonic temperature
43	'uc_unrot'	' [mg+1m-2s-1]'	Covariance of unrotated u  and CO2 concentration
44	'uq_unrot'	' [g+1m-2s-1]'	Covariance of unrotated u  and H2O concentration
45	'uP_unrot'	' [kPa+1m+1s-1]'	Covariance of unrotated u  and air pressure
46	'vw_unrot'	' [m+2s-2]'	Covariance of unrotated v and w 
47	'vTs_unrot'	' [K+1m+1s-1]'	Covariance of unrotated v  and sonic temperature
48	'vc_unrot'	' [mg+1m-2s-1]'	Covariance of unrotated v  and CO2 concentration
49	'vq_unrot'	' [g+1m-2s-1]'	Covariance of unrotated v  and H2O concentration
50	'vP_unrot'	' [kPa+1m+1s-1]'	Covariance of unrotated v  and air pressure
51	'wTs_unrot'	' [K+1m+1s-1]'	Covariance of unrotated w  and sonic temperature
52	'wc_unrot'	' [mg+1m-2s-1]'	Covariance of unrotated w  and CO2 concentration
53	'wq_unrot'	' [g+1m-2s-1]'	Covariance of unrotated w  and H2O concentration
54	'wP_unrot'	' [kPa+1m+1s-1]'	Covariance of unrotated w  and air pressure
55	'uv'		' [m+2s-2]'	Covariance of rotated u and v 
56	'uw'		' [m+2s-2]'	Covariance of rotated u and w 
57	'uTs'		' [K+1m+1s-1]'	Covariance of rotated u  and sonic temperature
58	'uc'		' [mg+1m-2s-1]'	Covariance of rotated u  and CO2 concentration
59	'uq'		' [g+1m-2s-1]'	Covariance of rotated u  and H2O concentration
60	'uP'		' [kPa+1m+1s-1]'	Covariance of rotated u  and air pressure
61	'vw'		' [m+2s-2]'	Covariance of rotated v and w 
62	'vTs'		' [K+1m+1s-1]'	Covariance of rotated v  and sonic temperature
63	'vc'		' [mg+1m-2s-1]'	Covariance of rotated v  and CO2 concentration
64	'vq'		' [g+1m-2s-1]'	Covariance of rotated v  and H2O concentration
65	'vP'		' [kPa+1m+1s-1]'	Covariance of rotated v  and air pressure
66	'wTs'		' [K+1m+1s-1]'	Covariance of rotated w  and sonic temperature
67	'wc'		' [mg+1m-2s-1]'	Covariance of rotated w  and CO2 concentration
68	'wq'		' [g+1m-2s-1]'	Covariance of rotated w  and H2O concentration
69	'wP'		' [kPa+1m+1s-1]'	Covariance of rotated w  and air pressure
70	'cTs'		' [K+1mg+1m-3]'	Covariance of CO2 concentration and sonic temperature
71	'qTs'		' [K+1g+1m-3]'	Covariance of H2O concentration and sonic temperature
72	'PTs'		' [kPa+1K+1]'	Covariance of air pressure and sonic temperature
73	'cq'		' [g+1m-3mg+1m-3]'	Covariance of CO2 concentration and HO2 concentration
74	'Pc'		' [kPa+1mg+1m-3]'	Covariance of CO2 concentration and air pressure
75	'Pq'		' [kPa+1g+1m-3]'	Covariance of H2O concentration and air pressure
76	'Ruv'		' [#]'		Correlation coefficient of rotated u and v 
77	'Ruw'		' [#]'		Correlation coefficient of rotated u and w 
78	'RuTs'		' [#]'		Correlation coefficient of rotated u  and sonic temperature
79	'Ruc'		' [#]'		Correlation coefficient of rotated u  and CO2 concentration
80	'Ruq'		' [#]'		Correlation coefficient of rotated u  and H2O concentration
81	'RuP'		' [#]'		Correlation coefficient of rotated u  and air pressure
82	'Rvw'		' [#]'		Correlation coefficient of rotated v and w 
83	'RvTs'		' [#]'		Correlation coefficient of rotated v  and sonic temperature
84	'Rvc'		' [#]'		Correlation coefficient of rotated v  and CO2 concentration
85	'Rvq'		' [#]'		Correlation coefficient of rotated v  and H2O concentration
86	'RvP'		' [#]'		Correlation coefficient of rotated v  and air pressure
87	'RwTs'		' [#]'		Correlation coefficient of rotated w  and sonic temperature
88	'Rwc'		' [#]'		Correlation coefficient of rotated w  and CO2 concentration
89	'Rwq'		' [#]'		Correlation coefficient of rotated w  and H2O concentration
90	'RwP'		' [#]'		Correlation coefficient of rotated w  and air pressure
91	'RcTs'		' [#]'		Correlation coefficient of CO2 concentration and sonic temperature
92	'RqTs'		' [#]'		Correlation coefficient of H2O concentration and sonic temperature
93	'RPTs'		' [#]'		Correlation coefficient of air pressure and sonic temperature
94	'Rcq'		' [#]'		Correlation coefficient of CO2 concentration and HO2 concentration
95	'RPc'		' [#]'		Correlation coefficient of CO2 concentration and air pressure
96	'RPq'		' [#]'		Correlation coefficient of H2O concentration and air pressure
97	'spike_u'	' [#]'		Number of spikes detected and points exceeding absolute limits in u  (±50 m/s)
98	'spike_v'	' [#]'		Number of spikes  detected and points exceeding absolute limits in v  (±50 m/s)
99	'spike_w'	' [#]'		Number of spikes  detected and points exceeding absolute limits in w (±10 m/s)
100	'spike_Ts'	' [#]'		Number of spikes  detected and points exceeding absolute limits in sonic temperature (-20 ~ 50 C)
101	'spike_c'	' [s]'		Number of spikes  detected and points exceeding absolute limits in CO2 concentration (200 ~ 1000 mg / m^3)
102	'spike_q'	' [s]'		Number of spikes  detected and points exceeding absolute limits in H2O concentration (0 ~ 30 g / m^3)
103	'spike_P'	' [#]'		Number of spikes  detected and points exceeding absolute limits in air pressure (80 ~ 110 kPa)
104	'n_missing'	' [#]'		Number of missing values for sonic anemometer (CSAT diagnostic code > 63)
105	'Skw_u_unrot'	' [#]'		Skewness of unrotated u 
106	'Skw_v_unrot'	' [#]'		Skewness of unrotated v 
107	'Skw_w_unrot'	' [#]'		Skewness of unrotated w 
108	' Skw_u'	' [#]'		Skewness of rotated u 
109	' Skw_v'	' [#]'		Skewness of rotated v
110	' Skw_w'	' [#]'		Skewness of rotated w
111	' Skw_Ts'	' [#]'		Skewness of sonic temperature
112	' Skw_c'	' [#]'		Skewness of CO2 concentration
113	' Skw_q'	' [#]'		Skewness of H2O concentration
114	' Skw_P'	' [#]'		Skewness of air pressure from LiCor
115	'Kur_u_unrot'	' [#]'		Kurtosis of unrotated u
116	'Kur_v_unrot'	' [#]'		Kurtosis of unrotated v
117	'Kur_w_unrot'	' [#]'		Kurtosis of unrotated w
118	' Kur_u'	' [#]'		Kurtosis of rotated u
119	' Kur_v'	' [#]'		Kurtosis of rotated v
120	' Kur_w'	' [#]'		Kurtosis of rotated w
121	' Kur_Ts'	' [#]'		Kurtosis of sonic temperature
122	' Kur_c'	' [#]'		Kurtosis of CO2 concentration
123	' Kur_q'	' [#]'		Kurtosis of H2O concentration
124	' Kur_P'	' [#]'		Kurtosis of air pressure from LiCor
125	' HF_sr'	' [#]'		Hard Flag for spike detection: Flag = 91111111 if number of total spikes in all variables (u, v, w, Ts, CO2, H2O, and P) is greater than 1% of observations (4.5x threshold, increasing 0.1 each time up to 10 passes
126	' HF_ar'	' [#]'		Hard Flag for amplitude resolution: Flag = 91111111 if number of times >70% of bins in 1000 point moving window amplitude resolution test are empty for all variables
127	' HF_dt'	' [#]'		Hard Flag for dropouts: Flag = 91111111 if number of times >10% of points in all variables fall in same bin for 1000 point moving window
128	' HF_al'	' [#]'		Hard Flag for absolute limits: Flag = 91111111 if number of points exceeding absolute limits is great than 1 for all variables
129	' HF_sk'	' [#]'		Hard Flag for skewness and kurtosis: Flag=91111111 for |skewness in all variables| > 2, or kurtosis in all variables < 1.0  or > 8.0
130	' SF_sk'	' [#]'		Soft Flag for skewness and kurtosis: Flag=91111111 for |skewness in all variables| > 1, or kurtosis in all variables < 2.0  or > 5.0
131	' HF_ds'	' [#]'		Hard Flag for discontinuities: Flag=91111111 if Haar transform threshold exceedances for mean u, v (4x threshold), w (2x threshold), Ts, CO2, H2O and P (4x threshold), or for standard deviation (3x threshold)
132	' SF_ds'	' [#]'		Soft Flag for discontinuities:  Flag=91111111 if Haar transform threshold exceedances for mean u, v (2x threshold), w (1x threshold), Ts, CO2, H2O and P (4x threshold), or for standard deviation (2x threshold)
133	' HF_tl'	' [#]'		Hard Flag for time lag: Flag = 911 if the ratio (Rmax-R0)/R0 exceeds 20% for CO2 and H2O, where Rmax is the absolute value maximum correlation coefficient at any lag up to plus or minus 2s, and R0 is the absolute correlation at zero lag
134	' SF_tl'	' [#]'		Sort Flag for time lag: Flag = 911 if the ratio (Rmax-R0)/R0 exceeds 10% for CO2 and H2O, where Rmax is the absolute value maximum correlation coefficient at any lag up to plus or minus 2s, and R0 is the absolute correlation at zero lag
135	' HF_ns'	' [#]'		Hard Flag for nonstationarity test; Flag = 1 when RNS > 0.5, RNU > 0.5, or RNV > 0.5

The column header designations for the corrected and quality controlled data summary files are:

	Header		Units		Description
1	date		[yyyymmdd]	yyyy' is the year, mm is the month, dd is the day
2	 time	 	[hh:mm]		hh:mm' is the middle of the 10 or 30 minute averaging period, e.g. 00:00-00:30 -> 00:15
3	 decimal_day	 [#]		decimal day of year
4	 FC	 	[umol+1m-2s-1]	Uncorrected CO2 flux
5	 FCR	 	[umol+1m-2s-1]	Corrected CO2 flux
6	 E	 	[W+1m-2]	Uncorrected latent heat flux
7	 ER		 [W+1m-2]	Corrected latent heat flux
8	 HS		 [W+1m-2]	Uncorrected sensible heat flux
9	 HSR		 [W+1m-2]	Corrected sensible heat flux
10	 Bowen	 	[#]		Bowen ratio
11	 TKE	 	[m+2s-2]	Turbulence kinetic energy
12	 tau		 [kg+1m-1s-2]	Momentum flux
13	 U_star	 	[m+1s-1]	Friction velocity
14	 T_star	 	[K]		Scale temperature
15	 Q_star		 [g+1m-3]	Scale Humidity
16	 zL		 [#]		Stability parameter
17	 L	 	[m]		Monin-Obukhov length
18	 wu		 [m+2s-2]	Covariance of u and w
19	 wv		 [m+2s-2]	Covariance of v and w
20	 wq		 [g+1m-2s-1]	Corrected covariance of w and H2O concentration
21	 wT		 [K+1m+1s-1]	Corrected covariance of w and sonic temperature
22	 wc		 [mg+1m-2s-1]	Corrected covariance of w and CO2 concentration
23	 WS		 [m+1s-1]	Wind speed 
24	 WD		 [deg]		Wind direction
25	 Temp_air	 [K]		Air temperature
26	 Rho_air	 [kg+1m-3]	Wet air density
27	 Rho_w	 	[kg+1m-3]	Water vapor density
28	 Pres_air	 [Pa]		Air pressure
29	 U_std		 [m+1s-1]	Standard deviation of u
30	 V_std	 	[m+1s-1]	Standard deviation of v
31	 W_std	 	[m+1s-1]	Standard deviation of w
32	 q_std	 	[g+1m-3]	Standard deviation of q
33	 T_std	 	[K]		Standard deviation of T
34	 C_std	 	[mg+1m-3]	Standard deviation of CO2 concentration
35	 STFlag_wc	 [#]		Steady state test flag in wc
36	 STFlag_wq	 [#]		Steady state test flag in wq
37	 STFlag_wT	 [#]		Steady state test flag in wT
38	 STFlag_wu	 [#]		Steady state test flag in wu
39	 DTFlag_u	 [#]		Developed turbulence test flag in u
40	 DTFlag_w	 [#]		Developed turbulence test flag in w
41	 DTFlag_T	 [#]		Developed turbulence test flag in T
42	 QCFlag_c	 [#]		Overall quality flag for CO2 flux
43	 QCFlag_e	 [#]		Overall quality flag for latent heat flux
44	 QCFlag_h	 [#]		Overall quality flag for sensible heat flux
45	 QCFlag_t	 [#]		Overall quality flag for momentum flux

Reference

Vickers, D., and Mahrt, L., (1997), Quality control and flux sampling problems for tower
and aircraft data. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., v. 14, p. 512-526.

Footnote:
1 – Vickers and Mahrt (1997)
2 – Foken et al. (2012)

